Trigger Finger: Symptoms, Treatments

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Trigger finger or trigger thumb is when your fingers or thumb get stuck in a bent position – as if squeezing a “trigger.” Trigger finger can occur in one or more fingers. The ring finger is often one of the fingers affected. The condition is also known as stenosing tenosynovitis.

Trigger finger or trigger thumb is more commonly seen in:

Tendons are bands of tissue that attach muscles to bones. In the hand, tendons and muscles must work together to flex and straighten your fingers and thumb. Usually, tendons slide easily through a tunnel of tissue called a sheath. The sheath keeps the tendons in place next to the bones of the finger(s) or thumb. With trigger finger or trigger thumb, the tendons become irritated and swollen (inflamed) and can no longer easily slide through their sheaths. A bump (nodule) may also form on the tendon, which makes it even more difficult for the tendon to easily glide through its sheath.

Signs and symptoms of trigger finger or trigger thumb include:

The stiffness and bent position of the finger(s) or thumb are worse in the morning. The stiffness lessens as the fingers and thumb are used.

For mild cases, the first step is to rest the finger(s) or thumb and limit or avoid the activities that are causing symptoms. Sometimes a splint may be used on the affected finger(s) to keep the joint from moving. If symptoms continue, anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen, may be prescribed or steroid injection(s) may be considered.

If the condition does not respond to non-surgical treatments or continues to recur, surgery may be recommended. The surgery is done under local anesthesia (you will be awake but may be sedated for comfort) and does not require a hospital stay.

During the surgery, a tiny cut is made in the sheath through which the tendons pass. Cutting the sheath widens the space around the tendons of the affected finger(s) or thumb. This allows the tendon to slide more easily through the sheath. The surgery helps restore the affected finger(s) or thumb’s ability to bend and straighten without pain or stiffness.

Recovery time following surgery is typically only a couple of weeks. However, recovery times vary, depending on your age, general health, and how long the symptoms have been present.

Download a Free Guide on Hand & Wrist Pain Treatment.

Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 04/30/2019.

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